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Jewish Heritage in Portugal

Jewish Heritage: A Legacy of History and Culture

Portugal is a country known for its rich history and culture, which reflects the influences of various civilizations over the centuries.

Among these, the Jewish heritage stands out, a profound legacy that has shaped the cultural, economic and social aspects of the country.
Despite periods of persecution and repression, the contribution of the Jewish community in Portugal remains alive and is recognized and valued today.
 
The Jewish Presence in Portugal: A Brief History
 
The Jewish presence in Portugal dates back to Roman times, but it was during the Middle Ages that the Jewish community prospered significantly. Jews played essential roles as doctors, merchants, astronomers and court advisors.
 
During the reign of D. João II and D. Manuel I, many Jews excelled in areas such as cartography and navigation, contributing to the Age of Discoveries.
 
However, the scenario changed drastically with the Expulsion Decree of 1496, which forced Jews to convert to Christianity or leave the country.
 
Many became “New Christians”, keeping their faith secret. This situation culminated in tragic episodes, such as the 1506 massacre in Lisbon and the creation of the Inquisition in 1536.
 
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The Cultural and Economic Legacy

Despite persecution, Jewish influence has continued in Portuguese culture.

Words of Hebrew origin have been incorporated into the language, and culinary traditions, such as the preparation of fish-based dishes in certain regions, have Jewish roots.

In addition, the architecture of historic neighborhoods such as the Jewish Quarter of Castelo de Vide or Belmonte still preserves traces of this presence.

Belmonte, in particular, has become a symbol of resistance and preservation of the Jewish faith. The “Marrano Jews” of Belmonte managed to practice Judaism in secret for centuries, and today the city is home to a Jewish community and a museum dedicated to Jewish history.

Rediscovery and Appreciation in the 20th and 21st Centuries

In the 20th century, there was a revival of interest in Jewish heritage in Portugal.
After the abolition of the Inquisition, Jewish communities began to reorganize, especially in cities such as Lisbon and Porto.

In recent years, initiatives such as the Rota das Judiarias have promoted cultural tourism in places with significant Jewish connections, such as Tomar, Trancoso and Guarda.

In addition, the approval of the Nationality Law in 2015, which allows descendants of Sephardic Jews expelled in the 15th century to obtain Portuguese citizenship, brought historical recognition and reparation

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Jewish Heritage Today

Today, Portugal’s Jewish heritage is celebrated as an integral part of its cultural identity.

Museums, festivals and academic events seek to educate new generations about the country’s rich Jewish history, while the modern Jewish community actively contributes to Portugal’s social and cultural life.

Conclusion

Portugal’s Jewish heritage is not only a testament to the past, but also a vibrant part of its national culture.

By preserving this memory, Portugal reaffirms its commitment to diversity, tolerance and the appreciation of its historical roots.

Recognizing and celebrating this heritage is a way of honoring those who contributed to the country’s formation, despite adversity, and ensuring that this history is never forgotten.

 
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